Nano-circuits, an electrical circuit, are operating on the nanometer scale. Nano-circuits work well into the quantum realm because their mechanical effects become very much important. Nano-circuits are basically designed to specify the errors and defects. As we know that one nanometer is equal to 10-9 meters or a row of 10 hydrogen atoms. Working with such gradually smaller circuits is very much complex. Even though nano-circuits allows faster functioning using less power but giving more complex functions. Because of its increasingly smaller size, nano-circuits can be fixed on a computer chip.

Composition of nano-circuits:

If we talk about nano-circuit's composition all are fabricated on the nanometer scale. There are many aspects involved in the production of nano-circuits. They are composed of three diverse fundamental components namely;

• Transistors: silicon-based transistors are used in the production of nanocircuits. They can be organic molecules or nanoscale inorganic structures. As we know that transistors are an essential part of circuits because they control the flux of electricity and transmute weak electrical signals to strong ones.

• Interconnections: logical and the wire linking the transistors and mathematical operations are used. For the linking of transistors, nanotubes and other wires (as narrow as one nanometer) are used.

• Architecture: the last aspect of nano-circuit is the architecture which explains the inclusive way of interconnecting the transistors. The computers and other systems operate independently when the circuit is plugged. The function of architecture, that has surplus logic gates and interconnections, is to combine circuits to reconfigure structures on a chip.

Numerous Approaches to Nano-circuitry

There are different varieties of applications that have been made to contrivance nano-circuitry in altered forms. These applications include Single-Electron Transistors or SET (is type of switching device that uses controlled electron tunneling to amplify current. This SET is made from two tunnel junctions that share a common electrode), Nanoscale crossbar latches(consists of a single wire acting as a signal line, crossed by two control lines with an electrically switchable molecular-scale junction where they intersect) and Quantum dot cellular automata or sometimes referred to simply as quantum cellular automata, or QCA (are proposed models of quantum computation, which have been devised in analogy to conventional models of cellular automata or in other words QCA is any device designed to represent data and perform computation, regardless of the physics principles it exploits and materials used to build it). For the improvement of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor or MOSEFT, MOS-FET, or MOSFET (a device used for amplifying or switching electronic signals) possible nearer-term tactics will involve integration of nanomateials (a field that takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology). Moreover, for the design of digital circuits and analogs these strategies are basically used and implemented in a high density by using vertical semiconductor straits with nanoscale diameters.

In recent report, Infineon Technologies (Infineon Technologies AG, Neubiberg near Munich offers semiconductor and system solutions for automotive, industrial and multimarket sectors, for mobile communication, as well as chipcard and security products) and Samsung have started research and development using nanowires (can be defined as structures that have a thickness or diameter constrained to tens of nanometers or less and an unconstrained length) and carbon nanotubes (are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure) in MOSFETs designs.

Alternatively, a new nanotechnology company Nanosys (is an advanced materials architect to carry nanoscale design through to components that are ready for the manufacturing process) has begun research using alignment processes to pattern pre-fabricated and solution based deposition arrays of nanowires.

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