Authors: A.S.Gawali*, L. S. Palashikar, R. B. Narawade
Email :a.s.gawali@kkwagh.edu.in
(Assistant Professor, K. K.Wagh College of Agricultural biotechnology, Nashik.)
Health – Health is the state of complete physical & mental well being of the animal when all the body mechanisms functions properly .
Diseases - Any disorder in the health which cause discomfort to animal or any change in general stage of the body or any part of the body which disturbs the performance of vital functions is disease
A diseased animal can be spotted out from some parameter following they are:
| Parameters | Healthy Animals | Sick Animal |
| 1)Look of the animal | Smart, Active, Alert | Dull, Inactive |
| 2)Head | Raided upward | Downward |
| 3)Eyes | Wide open,bright | White deposition at corners of the eye,dull |
| 4)Nose | No discharge from nose | May some discharge |
| Parameters | Healthy Animals | Sick Animals |
| 5) Mouth | Wet & without odour | Mouth is dry & Saliva hanging |
| 6)Ears | Erect | Drooping |
| 7)Rumination | Regular | Irregular |
| 8)Muzzle | Wet,cold,&shining | Dry & dirty |
| 9)Feed & water intake | Normal | Reduced or stop |
| 10)Temprature | 38.5 % normally | More than 40 % |
| 11)Pulse/min | 60 to 70 | More than 70 |
| 12)Milk production | Normal | Reduced |
| 13)Faeces | Normal without bed smell | Dry & loose with bed odour |
| 14)Response to call | Quick | Slow |
Classification of Diseases -According to Causes
Specific Diseases
(A) Infectious Diseases -caused by infection of bacteria, fungi, virus, protozoa,
Eg. Rinderpest, T.B.
(B) Contagious diseases –
Spread due to direct or indirect contact with diseased animals
Eg. Anthrax, B.Q.
Non-specific Diseases
This disease caused due to unknown specific causal organism.
eg.Dysentery.
Classification of Diseases -According to Duration & Severity
1) Chronic Diseases –
Diseased running prolonged time
Takes several weeks to cure
eg.T.B.
2) Sub acute disease –
Affect suddenly but takes long time to cure
Eg. F.M.D.
3) Acute diseases -disease running very short
course. eg- B.Q. & H.S.
4) Pre-acute diseases:- such infections affect animals very sudden and even before symptoms are exhibited the animal dies.
Eg-Anthrax
Classification of Diseases -According to beginning of Diseases
1) Congenital:-
Transmitted by mother to its offspring during pregnancy
Eg-T.B.
2) Hereditary:-
Transmitted from parents to offsprings hereditary
Eg-Haemophilia
3) Acquired disease :-
Infections get after birth of animal during growing period.
4) According to area/species:-
1) Epizootic : Affects animals of large area/region .
Eg:-Rinder pest
2) Enzootic disease : - This disease on specific to particular breeds or species of animals
Eg:-B.Q.
3) Exotic: - This disease brought by animals when imported from other country.
Eg:-Horse sickness
4) Sporadic diseases: - Occur anywhere sporadically
Eg:-Dysentry
5) Panzootic diseases :- This diseases affects different species or breeds in a country at a time
Eg:-Rabies
Reference:
Banarjee, G.C. : Textbook of Animal Husbandry
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