'Conservation' is the prolonged preservation and safeguarding of the environment to ensure that the usual habitat of an area can be maintained, while genetic diversity of a species can stay by sustaining in its natural environment. Conservation biology is a multidisciplinary science that has progressed to address the loss of biological diversity. Conservation Biology is a mission accustomed science that concentrates on protecting and restoring 'biodiversity'. Biodiversity includes every forms of life, every level of organization (subpopulation to global), every interaction between forms of life and the environment. Endemic species are those that are constrained to a small region that is lonely areas such as islands and peak ranges. Biodiversity hotspots are the regions with an elevated concentration of endemic species, bearing rapid habitat loss.

Conservation biology is engaged with the studies and plans of habitat protection and species safety for the purpose of relieveing extinction catastrophe and preserving biodiversity. Many of the thoughts, techniques and methods come from a wide range of biological disciplines counting ecology, biogeography, systematics, genetics, evolution, epidemiology, forestry, fisheries, wildlife biology, agronomy, and veterinary science. It also assimilates social science fields such as resource economics and policy, ethnobiology, and environmental principles. It is often called a crisis field that is one frequently has to act before aware of all the facts. The notion of conservation biology was introduced by Dasmann (1968) and Ehrenfeld (1970) . The benefaction by soulé and wilcox's (1980) towards conservation biology served as an momentum for the development of the discipline.
The key goals of conservation biology is to estimate human effects on biological diversity and to build up practical approaches to avoid the extinction of species and ideology of disciplines of such as ecology, demography, taxonomy and genetics have direct connections for the supervision of species and ecosystems, captive breeding and reintroduction, genetic analysis and habitat restoration.

Important Principles of conservation
- To keep up indispensable ecological operations and diversity in nature through the conservation and management of entire and functioning ecosystems.
- Conserving diversity in nature (biological diversity) at every levels, giving uncommon, endangered and threatened species special management attention.
- Supporting environmental learning and acquiring knowledge of ecosystems natural processes.
- Application of recycling, reusing and manufacturing environmental friendly goods and practices whenever possible.

Statistical and computational management techniques such as Population viability analysis (PVA - a procedure used to decide the probability that a population will carry on for some specific time in a specific environment), Minimum viable population (MVP - the fewest number of individuals necessary to avoid a population from going extinct), Bayesian statistics, decision analysis and multiple criteria approaches have been developed as ideal methods for making conservation.

IUCN- International Union for the conservation of nature and natural resources was established in October 1948 and is one of the biggest professional worldwide conservation network. IUCN Red List of threatened species organizes species according to their extinction risk. They are Extinct or Extinct in the nature, Critically Endangered, Endangered and susceptible: species exposed to worldwide extinction, Near Threatened: species near to the threatened thresholds or would be threatened without ongoing conservation trials, Least Concern: species evaluated with a minimum risk of extinction, Data Deficient: no evaluation due to inadequate data .

Main causes of turn down in Native Populations of Plants and Animals include:

- Habit Destruction: Altering the natural ecosystems into farms, housing, industries and passageway for transportation. Fragmentation, meaning distraction of extensive habitats into tiny, isolated patches.

- Introduction of Exotic (Non-native) Plants and Animals: The on purpose or accidental introduction of plants, animals, fungi, protozoa or bacteria into regions where they did not formerly occurred.
- Overexploitation of natural resources: Pouching, fishing, grazing, gathering native plants and animals.
- Other: Pollution, climate change, Bioaccumulation - process by which toxin amounts gradually increase in living tissues, concentrations increase through the food chain.
- Introduced illeness - lack of evolved resistance example avian malaria Hawaiian birds.
- Fall is often due to a blending of the above causes, and also it may be environmental or demographic.

There is intense need for basic understanding between the conservation of natural resources and their utilization to meet human needs for food, water, shelter and refreshment. It is however within our capacity to alter appreciably the rate at which biotic diversity is damaged and tiny changes in rates can produce huge effects over long periods of time.

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