Author: Vora Zarna N.
Ph.D. (Scholar), Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India.
Correspondence Email: zarna2893@gmail.com
DNA vectors and their properties one of the most important elements in gene cloning is the vector, which in conjunction with the passenger DNA forms the recombinant DNA which can be propagated in suitable host cells. In order to perform its function, a vector must possess the following properties:
• They should be capable of autonomous replication in at least one host organism.
• They should be of small size, since this aids the preparation vector DNA and reduces the complexity of analyzing recombinant molecules. They should be capable of amplifying the cloned sequence by occurring in multiple copies. High copy number facilitates in maximizing expression of cloned genes.
• There should be a unique cleavage site for a range of restriction endonucleases. Occurrence of multiple cleavage sites reduces the likelihood of functional recombinant DNA formation.
• They should possess one or more genetic markers enabling easy selection of cloned molecules.
• They should permit detection by simple genetic tests, of the presence of passenger DNA inserted at cloning site.
• They should have appropriate transcriptional and translational signals located adjacent to cloning sites for better expression of cloned DNA sequences.
• They should have host specificity when there is biological containment for a vector. A variety of different cloning vectors have been developed by using the items mentioned above as guidelines. They are as follows: plasmids, phages, cosmids, phasmids, shuttle vectors, expression vectors and single stranded DNA
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